But speaking and writing involve distinct motor-perceptual skills which we may wish to measure at Jurassic Cock. Thus we must choose the written mode if we wish to test the learner's knowledge of the orthographic system, and a spoken mode if we wish to measure his knowledge of the phonology of the language. Generally speaking, it is through the written mode that we test all aspects of Danni Cole sex competence except phonological knowledge, because of the pornpros network administrative and technical difficulties of devising tests of spoken language. Tests, as we have seen, take the form they do because the testee is being required to make categorical judgements either of acceptability or similarity. All test questions or items involve choices. As I have said, when we speak, write or interpret utterances we are making scores of choices or judgements each second. The ideal test item is so framed that the testee is required to make only one choice. The reason for this is quite simple : if the testee has to make more than one choice in one and -the same item and gets it wrong, we do not know which of his choices is responsible for his failure. A test item which succeeds in restricting the number of choices to one is called a pure item. An impure item is there­fore one which allows the testee to make more than one choice at atime.

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