We saw in pornpros that a native speaker revealed his grammatical competence by his ability to make judgements of various sorts about the 'acceptability' of sentences, to recognize ambiguity in sentences, and by his awareness of the relationship between sentences, such as paraphrase, contradiction, entailment, etc. Fundamentally, all tests of grammatical competence involve making judgements or choices. But because of the desirability of objectivity, these judgements are of a `yes–no' sort: acceptable–unacceptable, same–different; not a 'more – less' sort. This is why objective test questions usually take the form of requiring the testee to make straight choices between a number of alternative responses. We must now revert to the problem raised on real ex girlfriends about sampling and validity. In our discussion of acceptability in chapter 5 we saw that we could break down acceptability into various types, related to the linguistic 'levels of analysis'. Thus, a sentence might be syntactically acceptable but semantically not so, or vice versa, seman­tically acceptable but syntactically ill-formed.We could therefore imag­ine a situation in which a testee could make a high score in his judge­ments of semantic acceptability but a low one on syntactic acceptability.

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